Hadoop 分布式集群搭建初入门
Hadoop 分布式集群搭建初入门
一、配置环境
1.设置主机名和对应的地址映射
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.230.130 master
192.168.230.131 slave1
192.168.230.100 slave2
#分别对三台设备配置hostname和hosts
2.在三个节点上分别新建hadoop用户
[root@master ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd
hadoop:x:1001:1001::/home/hadoop:/bin/bash
二、为hadoop配置所有节点之间的ssh免密登陆
1.生成密钥
[hadoop@master ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa):
/home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa already exists.
Overwrite (y/n)? y
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
1c:16:61:04:4f:76:93:cd:da:9a:08:04:15:58:7d:96 hadoop@master
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
| .===B.o= |
| . .=.oE.o |
| . +o o |
| .o .. . |
| .S. o |
| . o |
| |
| |
| |
+-----------------+
[hadoop@master ~]$
2.发送公钥
[hadoop@master ~]$ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@slave1
The authenticity of host 'slave1 (192.168.230.131)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 32:1a:8a:37:f8:11:bc:cc:ec:35:e6:37:c2:b8:e1:45.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
hadoop@slave1's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'hadoop@slave1'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[hadoop@master ~]$
[hadoop@master ~]$ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@slave2
[hadoop@master ~]$ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@master
#slave1和slave2对其他节点略
3.验证登陆
[hadoop@master ~]$ ssh hadoop@slave1
Last login: Wed Jul 26 01:11:22 2017 from master
[hadoop@slave1 ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to slave1 closed.
[hadoop@master ~]$ ssh hadoop@slave2
Last login: Wed Jul 26 13:12:00 2017 from master
[hadoop@slave2 ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to slave2 closed.
[hadoop@master ~]$
三、配置JAVA
1.使用xftp将hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz和jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz上传至master
[hadoop@master ~]$ ls
hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz
2.使用root用户解压并移动到/usr/local 下
[hadoop@master ~]$ exit
exit
[root@master ~]# cd /home/hadoop/
[root@master hadoop]# ls
hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz
[root@master hadoop]# tar -zxf jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz
[root@master hadoop]# ls
hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz jdk1.8.0_131 jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz
[root@master hadoop]# mv jdk1.8.0_131 /usr/local/
[root@master hadoop]# cd /usr/local/
[root@master local]# ls
bin etc games include jdk1.8.0_131 lib lib64 libexec sbin share src
[root@master local]#
3.配置java环境变量（这里使用的是全局变量）
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/profile #在文件末尾添加如下java环境变量
[root@master ~]# tail -5 /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_131 #注意jdk版本
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:JAVA_HOME/lib:JRE_HOME/lib
export PATH=JAVA_HOME/bin:PATH
[root@master ~]#
[root@master ~]# source /etc/profile #使配置生效
4.测试master上的java是否配置完成
[root@master ~]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_131"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_131-b11)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.131-b11, mixed mode)
[root@master ~]#
5.使用scp将jdk拷贝到slave1和slave2
12 [root@master ~]# scp -r /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_131/ root@slave1:/usr/local/
[root@master ~]# scp -r /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_131/ root@slave2:/usr/local/
6.配置slave1和slave2上的环境变量（同步骤3），配置完后使用java -version验证一下
四、配置hadoop环境
1.解压hadoop并移动到/usr/local 下
[root@master ~]# cd /home/hadoop/
[root@master hadoop]# ls
hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz
[root@master hadoop]# tar -zxf hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz
[root@master hadoop]# mv hadoop-2.7.3 /usr/local/hadoop
[root@master hadoop]# ls /usr/local/
bin etc games hadoop include jdk1.8.0_131 lib lib64 libexec sbin share src
2.更改hadoop的文件所属用户
[root@master ~]# cd /usr/local
[root@master local]# chown -R hadoop:hadoop /usr/local/hadoop
[root@master local]# ll
drwxr-xr-x 9 hadoop hadoop 149 Aug 17 2016 hadoop
[root@master local]#
3.配置hadoop环境变量
[root@master local]# vim /etc/profile
[root@master local]# tail -4 /etc/profile
#hadoop
export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop #注意路径
export PATH="PATH:HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin"
[root@master local]#
[root@master local]# source /etc/profile #使配置生效
4.测试
[root@master local]# hadoop version
Hadoop 2.7.3
Subversion https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop.git -r baa91f7c6bc9cb92be5982de4719c1c8af91ccff
Compiled by root on 2016-08-18T01:41Z
Compiled with protoc 2.5.0
From source with checksum 2e4ce5f957ea4db193bce3734ff29ff4
This command was run using /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-2.7.3.jar
[root@master local]#
5.配置hadoop-env.sh
[root@master local]# cd $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop
[root@master hadoop]# pwd
/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop
[root@master hadoop]#
[root@master hadoop]# vim hadoop-env.sh
[root@master hadoop]# tail -1 hadoop-env.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_131 #在末尾添加
[root@master hadoop]#
6.配置core-site.xml
<configuration>
<!-- 指定hdfs的nameService -->
<property>
<name>fs.defaultFS</name>
<value>hdfs://master:9000</value>
</property>
</configuration>
7.配置hdfs-site.xml
<configuration>
<!-- 数据节点数 -->
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>1</value>
</property>
<!-- nameNode数据目录 -->
#目录不存在需要手动创建，并把所属改为hadoop
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
<value>/usr/local/hadoop/dfs/name</value>
</property>
<!-- dataNode数据目录 -->
#目录不存在需要手动创建，并把所属改为hadoop
<property>
<name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
<value>/usr/local/hadoop/dfs/data</value>
</property>
</configuration>
8.配置yarn-site.xml
<configuration>
<!-- 指定YARN的ResourceManager的地址 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name>
<value>master</value>
</property>
<!-- reducer取数据的方式 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
<value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
</property>
</configuration>
9.配置mapred-site.xml
[root@master hadoop]# cp mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml
[root@master hadoop]# vim mapred-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
<value>yarn</value>
</property>
</configuration>
10.配置slaves
[root@master hadoop]# vim slaves
[root@master hadoop]# cat slaves
slave1
slave2
[root@master hadoop]#
11.使用scp将配置好的hadoop传输到slave1和slave2节点上
[root@master ~]# scp -r /usr/local/hadoop root@slave1:/usr/local/
[root@master ~]# scp -r /usr/local/hadoop root@slave2:/usr/local/
12.配置slave1和slave2上的环境变量（同步骤3），配置完后使用hadoop version验证一下
13.格式化 hdfs namenode–format
[root@master hadoop]# su hadoop
[hadoop@master hadoop]$ cd /usr/local/hadoop/
[hadoop@master hadoop]$ hdfs namenode -format #一定要在hadoop用户下进行
17/07/26 20:26:12 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG:
/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = master/192.168.230.130
STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG: version = 2.7.3
.
.
.
17/07/26 20:26:15 INFO util.ExitUtil: Exiting with status 0 #status 为0才是成功
17/07/26 20:26:15 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:
/************************************************************
SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at master/192.168.230.130
************************************************************/
[hadoop@master hadoop]$
五、启动hadoop服务
1.启动所有的服务
[hadoop@master dfs]$ start-all.sh
This script is Deprecated. Instead use start-dfs.sh and start-yarn.sh
Starting namenodes on [master]
hadoop@master's password: #输入master上的hadoop的密码
master: starting namenode, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-master.out
slave1: starting datanode, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-slave1.out
slave2: starting datanode, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-slave2.out
Starting secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0]
[email protected]'s password: #输入master上的hadoop的密码
0.0.0.0: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-master.out
starting yarn daemons
starting resourcemanager, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/yarn-hadoop-resourcemanager-master.out
slave1: starting nodemanager, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-slave1.out
slave2: starting nodemanager, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-slave2.out
[hadoop@master dfs]$
2.验证
[hadoop@master dfs]$ jps #master上的进程
7491 Jps
6820 NameNode
7014 SecondaryNameNode
7164 ResourceManager
[hadoop@master dfs]$
[root@slave1 name]# jps #slave1上的进程
3160 NodeManager
3050 DataNode
3307 Jps
[root@slave1 name]#
[root@slave2 name]# jps #slave2上的进程
3233 DataNode
3469 Jps
3343 NodeManager
[root@slave2 name]#
3.使用浏览器管理
Hadoop项目之基于CentOS7的Cloudera 5.10.1（CDH）的安装部署 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-04/143095.htm
Hadoop2.7.2集群搭建详解（高可用） http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-03/142052.htm
使用Ambari来部署Hadoop集群（搭建内网HDP源） http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-03/142136.htm
Ubuntu 14.04下Hadoop集群安装 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-02/140783.htm
CentOS 6.7安装Hadoop 2.7.2 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-08/146232.htm
Ubuntu 16.04上构建分布式Hadoop-2.7.3集群 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-07/145503.htm
CentOS 7.3下Hadoop2.8分布式集群安装与测试 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-09/146864.htm
CentOS 7 下 Hadoop 2.6.4 分布式集群环境搭建 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-06/144932.htm
Hadoop2.7.3+Spark2.1.0完全分布式集群搭建过程 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-06/144926.htm
